Cardiology Conference-CVC 2026

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) refers to both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), which are essentially blood clots forming in the veins. DVT usually develops in the deep veins of the legs or pelvis, and if a clot dislodges, it can travel to the lungs, resulting in PE—a condition with potentially fatal consequences.

There are numerous risk factors for VTE, including prolonged immobility, recent surgery, trauma, malignancy, pregnancy, use of hormonal therapies, and inherited clotting disorders. Early identification of VTE is crucial. Typical symptoms of DVT might include unilateral leg swelling, pain, and redness, while PE often presents with acute shortness of breath or chest pain. Diagnostic strategies involve clinical assessment, D-dimer measurement, ultrasound imaging, CT pulmonary angiography, and sometimes venography.

Management centers on anticoagulation therapy to prevent further clot growth and recurrence. Commonly used agents include heparin, low molecular weight heparin, warfarin, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). In patients with high-risk or severe disease, thrombolytic therapy or surgical thrombectomy may be warranted. Preventative strategies are also essential and include early mobilization after surgery, use of compression stockings, and prophylactic anticoagulation in individuals at high risk (such as hospitalized or post-surgical patients). Long-term follow-up and lifestyle modifications are important to decrease the risk of recurrence.

In summary, effective VTE management requires prompt diagnosis, appropriate use of anticoagulants, and preventive measures tailored to patient risk. This multidisciplinary approach can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality associated with VTE and improve overall vascular health.