Cardiac biomarkers, in essence, are biochemical indicators released into circulation when the myocardium experiences injury, stress, or functional disturbances. Clinically, they are indispensable for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular diseases. Among the most frequently utilized biomarkers are troponins I and T, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). Troponins, noted for their high sensitivity and specificity, serve as the gold standard for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction. BNP and NT-proBNP, meanwhile, provide critical insights regarding the severity and prognosis of heart failure.
The routine assessment of these biomarkers enables clinicians to detect acute cardiac events, stratify risk among patients, and monitor the progression of disease over time. Their utility, however, extends well beyond initial diagnosis. Cardiac biomarkers inform therapeutic decisions, guide the intensity of clinical interventions, and assist in the prediction of long-term outcomes in patients with heart disease. With the advent of advanced laboratory assays and rapid point-of-care testing, clinicians can now detect significant changes in biomarker levels swiftly, thereby facilitating timely intervention—particularly in acute care settings.
Moreover, when biomarker data are integrated with imaging studies, thorough clinical evaluations, and additional laboratory findings, they contribute to a comprehensive cardiovascular assessment. By offering real-time information about myocardial function and injury, cardiac biomarkers enable earlier interventions, allow for the optimization of therapeutic strategies, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Consequently, they have become essential tools in contemporary cardiology practice.