Cardiology Conference-CVC 2026

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe and potentially life-threatening infection of the heart’s inner lining, most often targeting the valves. The usual culprits are bacteria, though fungi can occasionally be responsible. Individuals with pre-existing valvular abnormalities, prosthetic heart valves, congenital heart defects, intravenous drug use, or compromised immune systems are at heightened risk of developing IE.

Complications from this condition can be quite serious, including destruction of heart valves, onset of heart failure, systemic embolization, and sepsis. Clinically, patients often present with persistent fever, fatigue, a new or changing heart murmur, and embolic manifestations that can impact organs such as the skin, kidneys, or brain. Early recognition and timely diagnosis are imperative to mitigate adverse outcomes.

Management hinges on prolonged courses of intravenous antibiotics, tailored according to the identified pathogen. Continuous monitoring of cardiac function is essential throughout treatment. In instances where there is significant valve destruction or the infection is refractory to medical therapy, surgical intervention—such as valve repair or replacement—may become necessary. Preventive measures, such as administering prophylactic antibiotics prior to specific dental or surgical procedures in high-risk individuals, play a critical role in reducing incidence rates. Advanced diagnostic modalities, including echocardiography and blood cultures, are central to both early detection and effective treatment planning. Ultimately, a combination of early diagnosis, targeted antimicrobial therapy, surgical intervention when indicated, and robust prevention strategies enables clinicians to manage infective endocarditis effectively and improve long-term patient outcomes.