HIV infection significantly elevates the risk of cardiovascular disease—think atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, even arrhythmias. The underlying problem isn’t just the virus itself, but the chronic inflammation and immune system overdrive it triggers. Add in side effects from antiretroviral therapy and the usual cardiovascular risk factors, and you’ve got a recipe for accelerated cardiovascular aging in this population.
Early identification of these risks is crucial. Regular monitoring—blood pressure, lipid panels, glucose levels, and sometimes cardiac imaging—enables clinicians to catch cardiovascular complications before they spiral. Medical management typically includes antihypertensives, statins, and antiplatelet agents, with careful consideration of which antiretroviral regimens will minimize harm to the heart. Lifestyle interventions, such as smoking cessation, adopting a heart-healthy diet, and increasing physical activity, remain essential components of care.
Optimal outcomes hinge on an integrated approach. Coordinated care between infectious disease specialists and cardiologists is vital. By prioritizing proactive risk assessment and prevention, clinicians can reduce cardiovascular events and improve quality of life in people living with HIV.